Apparatus employed in wireless telegraphy.



No. 647,007. Patented Apr. I0, I900. a. MARCONI.

APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WIRELESSIELEGRAPHY.

(Application filed June 13, 1899.) I

' 2 Sheets-Sheet I,

I (No Model.) I

No. 647,007. Patented Apr. I0, 900. G. MARCONI.

APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. (Application filed June 13, 1899.) (No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GUGLIELMO MARCONL OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASS IGNOR TOTHE WIRELESS 'JELEGRAPII AND SIGNAL COMPANY, LIMITED, OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION formingpartpf Letters Patent No. 647,007, dated April 10, 1906. Application tiled June 13, 1899. Serial No. 720,865. (No modnh) 7b all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GUGLIELMO Msacoxr, electrician, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at 28 Mark Lane, in the city of London, England, haveinvented certain new and usef n1 Apparatus Employed in Wireless Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification. This invention relates to improvements in the apparatus described in the specification IO of'Par-ent No. 627,650, granted to me June 27, 1809. In that specification I described con meeting the aerial conductor to a capacity which maybe the earth through the primary of an induction-coil, the ends of the imporr 5 feet contact or sensitive tube being connected to the ends of the secondary. In place of \vinding both' the primary and secondary in single layers,as claimed in that specification, the coils are now either made very short (not so much exceeding two centimeters in length) or else are wound in sections. The number of turns in the successive layers of the secondary and sometimes of the primary also) should diminish as the distance from the cen- 2 5 terincreases; but this, although preferable, is'

-3o from the nucleus or axial line of the coil.

Figure l is a diagram of the arrangement described in the former specification modified in accordance with the present invention, and Figs. 2 to 6 show modified forms of the induc- .t-ion-coil.

In-Fig. 1, a is the aerial conductor; 17, a local battery; 0, a condenser; e, a connection to earth'or other suitable capacity;j, a sensitive tube or imperfect contact. I k are chokingcoils, and r a relay working a signaling or 40 other instrument. The diagrams of the coils are greatly-enlarged half -longitudinal sec tions, but are not strictly to scale. "In place also of showing the section of each coil or layer of wire as a longitudinal row. of dots or small circles, as it would actually appear, it is for simplicity shown as a single continuous longitudinal straight line. A is the end of the primary, which is connected to the aerial conductor a,.and E is the end connected to earth or a capacity. J is the end oft-he secondary, which is directly connected to the sensitive tube or imperfect contact j,

and O is the end which is connected to it through the condenser. G: is a. glass: tube on which the coils are wound. The-wires are preferably insulated by a single cover-ingotsilk.

The following table gives particulars of coils which have been successfully used:

Diameter of ,f E Resistance in it w 3 \YH'BSJDCCH- ohms Number of turns in windings. ,5, ugh hmeters. :3 a" 3 E as risnrisu Z w:- recon recon 2-: 538 may my mary My Primary. Secondary. 35

Fig 1 035 .01 .01 Mayer-sot lllflhu'us eachdn parallel. ssections of 10,10layers,\rlth 2.5

45 4O 45 d0 89 40 d5 37 85 lid 85 25 88 25 Q) 29 20 1'5 25 15. 12 21 17 5 15 J4 turns.

Fig.2 .931 .012 .012 ..do 4miionm2$0loy 3n $1, with 4.0

85 85 85 80' B0 80 80 27 $7 27 27 B8 28 2! 28 20 90 an 90 15 15 15 15 -10 I0 10 19 B 5 5 5 d 3.5 Diameter of a .5 g wlresJn cenifimg m Number of turns in windings. gm timeters. .5; E 53% as to Q Pri- Seeond- Pi-l- Second- =3 g a 0 mm? my man Primary. Secondmy. 3 8

g. 3 $87 11 .011 4.8 0.1 ..d0 2 sections 0115 layi srs each, with 2.5

' 00 6-! B0 50 40 40 35 85 38 88 80 30 2? 21 24 21 B8 22 17 18 15 15 10 o o 2 2 turns. Fig. 4 .975 .012 .012 Meyers of 110 each, in parallel 12 layers 0! m 1.9

80 75 no 50 45 40 28 20 10 5 turns.

Fig. 5 .975 .012 .012 4 layers, It! layers of m 1.5

gt {in seiies 5 76'turu 46 72 turns, i s2 40 86 7Q 29 28 28 I8 14 12 n 7 turns.

Fig.1 .975 .012 0H3 6.75 28.6 1 layer 0! 2 wires in parallel, with 8 layers 01810, -15, 45 turns 5.8

1 turns each. wound tandem.

The coils are wound in the following manner: In Fig. 1, G is a. glass tube, and on it is wound the primary in two layers, there being one hundred and sixty turns in each layer. Theends of these two coils or layers are connected in parallel one to the aerial cenduc tor and the-other to earth. On the outer coil of the primary is wodud the first or inner coil of the secondar which, is continuous and has one hundred and fifty turns. The lefthand and of the wire forming this layer is then wound or coiled upon it to form the second layer of the left-hand section of the secondary, forty-five turns being given. On this comes the third layer with forty turns, and the other layers with thirty-five, thirty, twenty-five, twenty, fifteen, twelve, and five turns, respectively, follow. 7 After winding the outerlnyer (that with five turns) of the lefthand section of the secondary the wire is led down and coiled. on the middle of the first or inner layer of the secondary, so as to form the of the condenser c and the left-hand choking- V coilk. The right-hand end of the wire forming the inner layer of the secondary is wound on the right-hand end of that layer, forty-five turns being given, and then follow layers with forty, thirty-five, thirty, twenty-five, twenty,fifteen,seventeen, and fourteen tu ms, respectively, so forming the right-hand section of the secondary, the wire from the outer layer (that with fourteen turns) being connected directly to the left-hand end of the sensitive tubej.

In Fi 2, G is a glass tube, and on it is wound t e primary in two layers, there being one hundred and sixty turns in each layer. The ends of these two coils or layers are connected in' parallel one to the aerial conductor and the other to earth. On the outer coil of the primary is wound thefirst or inner coil of the secondary, which is in three sections, the middle one having eighty turns. The other layers of the secondary are in four sections, the two middle ones being formed by winding the two ends of the wire forming the middle of the inner layer upon that layer, thirty-five turnsbeing given in each case, and upon the second layers so formed follow layers with thirty, twenty-seven, twentythree, twenty, fifteen, ten, and five turns, respectively. After winding the outer layers of the two middle sections (those witlrfive turns) the ends of the wire are led down and coiled on the ends of the primary forming the inner layersof the two outer sections of the secondary, forty turns being taken in each case. On each of these inner layers follow in each, case layers of thirty-five, thirty, twenty-seven, twenty-three, twenty, fifteen, ten, and five turns, respectively, the wire from the outer layer (that with five turns) of the left-handtsection being connectedto the left-hand side of the condenser c, and the lefthand choking-coil 7c and the wire from the.

outer layer (that with five turns) of the righthand section being connected directly to the left-hand end of the sensitive tube j.

In Fig. 3, G is a glass tube, and on' it is wound the primary in two layers, there being one hundred and sixty turns in each layer. The ends of these two coils or layers are com nected in parallel one to the aerial conductor and the other to earth. On the outer coil of the primary is wound thefirst or inner coil of the secondary, whichis continuous and has one hundred and fifty-three turns. The other layers of the secondary are in two sections, the second layers being formed by winding the ends of the wire forming the inner layer upon that layer, sixty turns being given in the left-hand section and sixty-three in the right-hand section. These layers are followed by layers of fifty, forty, thirty-five, thirty-three, thirty, twenty-seven, twentyfour, twenty-three, seventeen, fifteen, ten, six,and two turnseach in the case of the lefthand section and by layers of fifty, forty, thirty-five, thirty-three, thirty, twenty-seven, twenty-fou r, twenty-two, eighteen, fifteen, ten, six, and two turns each in the case of the right-hand section, the wire from the outer layer (that with two turns) of the lefthand section being connected to the left-hand side of the condenser c and theleft-hand choking-coil 7c and the wire from the outer layer (that with two turns) of the right'hand section being connected directly to the lefthand end of the sensitive tube j.

In Fig. 4., G is a glass tube, and on it is WOIUldll-[B primary inatwo layers, there being one hundred and ten turns in each layer. The ends of these two coils or layers are connected in parallel one t othe aerial conductor and the other to earth. On the outer coil of the primary is wound the .first or inner coil of the secondary, whichis-continuous andhas one hundred turns. In this case the sec-- ond'n'ry is in a singlesection, and the second and succeeding layers hay. eighty, seventyfive, sixty, fifty, forty-five, forty, twentycight, twenty, fifitecn, tcn,:and five turns, rc-

-of the sensive tubej.

head end of the inner layer.

(that with one hundred turns) being connect ed to the left-hand side of the condenser c and the left-hand choking-coil k and the wire from the outer layer (that with five turns) being connected directly to'the left-hand end In this case the slope at the lefthand side of the coil is madesteeper than on the right-hand side. I

In Fig. 5 the primary is wound on the glass tube G in four layers, the inner layer having eighty turns. The right hand endof the wire forming the inner layer is wound on that layer, forming the second layer, which has seventy-eight turns. The left-hand end of "the wire forming the inner layer is wound on wound on that layer, forming the fourth layer,

which has seventy-two turns. The left-hand ends of the wires forming the inner and'third layersv are connected to the aerial conductor,

and the left-hand ends of the wires forming the second and fourth layers are connected to earth. The secondary is wound on the outer orfourth layer of the primary and consists of sixteen layers having sixty, fifty-four, forty-six, forty-two, forty, thirty-six, thirtytwo, twenty-nine, twenty-six, twenty-three, twenty, eighteen, fourteen, twelve, nine, and seven turns, respectively, the end of the wire from the inner layer (that with-sixty turns) beiugconnected to the left-hand side of the condenser c and the left-hand chokingcoil and the end of the wire from the outer layer (that with seven turns) being connected direct y to the left-hand end of the sensitive tube j.

In Fig. 6 the primary consists of a. single layer formed of two wires, each having one hundred and sixty turns around the tube G, their right-hand ends being connected to the aerial conductor and their left-hand ends to earth. The secondary has three layers, the inner one having three hundred and ten turns and the second and third forty-five turns each, these being wound on the right- The left-hand end of the inner layer is connected to the left-hand side of the condenser c and the 'lcft-hand choking-coil 7:, the end of the outer contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections betweeirthe ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary;

2. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an inducsections each consisting of several layers,

the number of 'turns in the on ter layers being less than in those next the primary, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connectionsbetween the ends 'of the imporfeet contact andthe ends of the secondary.

'4. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a localcircuit through it, an induction-coil, the secondary ofwhich is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in these next the primary, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

5. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it,- an induction-coil, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers,..a

capacity connected to one end of thepri mary,

a conductor connected tothe other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of-tlie secondary.

6. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an inductioncoil, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connec'tions between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

7." In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the ends ofthe secondary leading from the outer layers of two of the sections, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

8. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the secondary of which-is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the ends of the secondary leading from the outer layers of two of the sections, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

9. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induc- Lion-coil, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the number of turns in the outerlayers being less than in these next the primary,'the ended the secondary leading from the outer layers of two of the sections, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the'other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

10. In a receiver for electricaloscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an' inductioncoil, the secondary of which is wound in sections each consisting of several layers, the number of I turns in the outer layers being less than in these next the primary, the ends of the secondary leading from the outer layers of two of the sections, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the endsof the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

11.. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfectvelectrical' contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the secondary of which consists of several layers, the-'nur'nber'of turns in the outer layers being less. than inthose next the primary and woundunsymmetrically with. a

lump at one end, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

12. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the secondary of which consists-of several layers, the number of turns inthe outer layers being less than in these next the primary and wound unsymmetrically with a lump at one end, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the IOC ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections.

13. In a receiver for electrical oscillations,

the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in four layers the first and. second layers being formed of one wire and the third and fourth of the other, the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

14. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in four layers the first and second layers being formed of one wire and the third and fourtlof the other, .the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the endsof the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connect-ions. v

15. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combinatiohof an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit'through it, an induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in four layers the first and second layers being. formed of one wire and the third and fourth of the other, the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary and wound unsymmetrically with a lump at one end, a capacity connected to one endof the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

16. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an induction-coil, the primary of which consists of two wires connected in parallel wound in four layers the first and second layers being formed of one wire and the third andfourth of the other, the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary and wound uns'ymmetrically with a lump at one end, a capacity connected to oneend of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary, and a condenser in one of the latter connections. c

17. In a receiver for'electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuitthrough it, an induc tion-coil, the primary of which consists of wires connected in parallel and wound in layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in the inner layers, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and connections between the ends of the imperfect contact and the ends of the secondary.

18. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an. induction-coil, the primary of which consists of wires connected in parallel, a capacity connected to one end of the primary, a conductor connected to the other end, and the secondary of which consists of several layers, the number of turns in the outer layers being less than in those next the primary, and connections which connect in circuit the imporfect contact and the secondary.

19. In a receiver for electrical oscillations, the combination of an imperfect electrical contact, a local circuit through it, an indnc- GUGLIELMO MARCONI.

Witnesses:

FRANCIS G. APPLEGATE, Josnrn H. G. REED. 

